Nutritional aspects of food

Introduction

 Health and nutrition is the most demanding and challenging field in this era and would continue to be in the future as well. Maintaining and increasing the nutritional quality of food during food processing is always a potentially important area for research. Deterioration of nutritional quality, owing to high  order to get different types of nutrients in the right quantities, we should eat all types of food includingfruits suchas apricot, banana, apple, orange, mango, pomegranate, grapes, grapefruit, pear, plum, cherry,dates, pineapple, blueberry, kiwi, lemon, strawberry, avocado, and watermelon, as well as edible nuts such as almond, walnut, cashew, peanuts, peanut butter, and pecans temperature, is a challenging problem in most traditional cooking methods.

The nutritional value of food that we eat greatly governs our health. Subsequently, it affects most of the activities that we do in our life. Our food is the only source of energy, minerals, and vitamins for our body and is responsible for the efficient metabolism of every bodily process.

It has become mandatory in many countries to print the nutritional value of the food item on the label. This gives consumers an idea of what they are eating, which is very necessary due to the increasing intake of fast food items such as pizza, burgers, chips, and other unhealthy foods in our diet that are contributing to lower levels of health and wellness.

Vegetarian dietsA vegetarian diet is one which excludes meat. Vegetarians also avoid food containing by-products of animal slaughter, such as animal-derived rennet and gelatin.

·         Fruitarian diet: A diet which predominantly consists of raw fruit.

·         Lacto vegetarianism: A vegetarian diet that includes certain types of dairy, but excludes eggs and foods which contain animal rennet. A common diet among followers of several religions, including Hinduism and Jainism, based on the principle of Ahimsa (non-harming).

·         Lacto-ovo vegetarianism: A vegetarian diet that includes eggs and dairy.

·         Vegan diet: In addition to the requirements of a vegetarian diet, vegans do not eat food produced by animals, such as eggs, dairy products, or honey.

Semi-vegetarian diets

·         Flexitarian diet: A predominantly vegetarian diet, in which meat is occasionally consumed.

·         Kangatarian: A diet originating from Australia. In addition to foods permissible in a vegetarian diet, kangaroo meat is also consumed.

·         Pescetarian diet: A diet which includes fish but not meat.

·         Plant-based diet: A broad term to describe diets in which animal products do not form a large proportion of the diet. Under some definitions a plant-based diet is fully vegetarian; under others it is possible to follow a plant-based diet whilst occasionally consuming meat.

A desire to lose weight is a common motivation to change dietary habits, as is a desire to maintain an existing weight. Many weight loss diets are considered by some to entail varying degrees of health risk, and some are not widely considered to be effective. This is especially true of "crash" or "fad" diets.

Many of the diets listed below could fall into more than one subcategory. Where this is the case, it is noted in that diet's entry.

·         Intermittent fasting: Cycling between non-fasting and fasting as a method of calorie restriction.

·         Body for Life: A calorie-control diet, promoted as part of the 12-week Body for Life program.

·         Cookie diet: A calorie control diet in which low-fat cookies are eaten to quell hunger, often in place of a meal.

·         The Hacker's Diet: A calorie-control diet from The Hacker's Diet by John Walker. The book suggests that the key to reaching and maintaining the desired weight is understanding and carefully monitoring calories consumed and used.^{[citation needed]}

·         Nutrisystems Diet: The dietary element of the weight-loss plan from Nutrisystem, Inc. Nutrisystem distributes low-calorie meals, with specific ratios of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.

·         Weight Watchers diet: Foods are assigned points values; dieters can eat any food with a points value provided they stay within their daily points limit.

Very low calorie diets

Main article: Very low calorie diet

A very low calorie diet is consuming fewer than 800 calories per day. Such diets are normally followed under the supervision of a doctor.

"Zero-calorie diets are also included"

·         Breatharian diet: A diet in which no food is consumed, based on the belief that food is not necessary for human subsistence.

·         KE Diet: A diet in which an individual feeds through a feeding tube and does not eat anything.

Low-carbohydrate diets

·         Atkins diet: A low-carbohydrate diet, popularised by nutritionist Robert Atkins in the late-20th and early-21st centuries. Proponents argue that this approach is a more successful way of losing weight than low-calorie diets; critics argue that a low-carb approach poses increased health risks.

·         Dukan Diet: A multi-step diet based on high protein and limited carbohydrate consumption. It starts with two steps intended to facilitate short term weight loss, followed by two steps intended to consolidate these losses and return to a more balanced long-term diet.

·         ITG Diet: A 3-step diet based on limiting carbohydrate consumption combined with low fat protein to maintain muscle, with the objective of returning to a healthy balanced diet for long term weight maintenance.

·         South Beach Diet

·         Stillman diet

Low-fat diets

·         McDougall's starch diet is a high calorie, high fiber, low fat diet that is based on starches such as potatoes, rice, and beans which excludes all animal foods and added vegetable oils. John A. McDougall draws on historical observation of how many civilizations around the world throughout time have thrived on starch foods.

Nutritional facts

There are 13 core nutrients that must be listed in a nutrition facts table. However, here is a list of some of the nutrients that are optional to include:

• folate
• magnesium
• niacin
• phosphorous
• potassium
• riboflavin
• selenium
• thiamine
• vitamin B12
• vitamin B6
• vitamin D
• vitamin E
• zinc

·         Interactive nutrition facts table